Real Series

College and School of Mathematics

Math::Middle School Algebra::Grade VII::Real Numbers

From the first grade to the sixth grade, you learned so many kinds of numbers. In Grade 7, you will learn one more type of number: the Real numbers. Real numbers are all the numbers that you can do real arithmetic on.

The Real numbers are all the numbers that you've been learning in Arithmetic and Elementary Algebra. But you will have to include the negative decimals and the negative fractions because all numbers have their negative counterparts, just like positive integers have negative integers.

Solve the following questions on Real numbers.

a. 1 - 2 = ?
b. 3.04 + 5.06 = ?
c. 7 - (-8) = ?
d. 1/2 - 2/3 = ?
e. 5% + 7% = ?

John Sindayen

Math::Infinite Series::College Sophomore

A SERIES and an INFINITE SERIES is the same thing. Infinite series is just a redundant term since a series is already composed of INFINITE SEQUENCE of TERMS.

What is INFINITE? Infinite means it never ends like when you say "To infinity and beyond!"
What is a SEQUENCE? Sequence is something that comes one after another.
What is a TERM? Term means you are adding things up.

An infinite series uses the ellipsis (...) to mark that there are unnamed terms between two named terms or the terms just never ends.

The study of series is important. You cannot really add things up toward INFINITY, but you can add a sequence that is finite, in other words, a FINITE SERIES.

Now it's your turn to answer a question on finite series.
a. Find a formula to add the first 100 natural numbers from 1 to 100.

Math References:
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Series.html
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/CalcII/Series_Basics.aspx

http://calculus.nipissingu.ca/tutorials/finiteseries.html

Name a TV series!

John Sindayen

C++ Inheritance

College of Information and Computer Science

Microsoft::Windows 7

Windows 7 is considered by most people to be the best Operating System in the 60 or so years since OSes were developed.

Reports in June 2016 states that Windows 7 are still used by around 50% of all users while Windows 10 by around 20% of all users.

Let's test your knowledge of Windows 7. Locate the following items in your OS.

1. Desktop
2. Taskbar
3. Navigation Pane
4. Notification Area
5. Control Panel

Microsoft References:
https://www.netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=10&qpcustomd=0
http://www.thetoptens.com/best-operating-systems/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_operating_systems

John Sindayen

Programming::C++

C++ supports multiple inheritance. You can use multiple inheritance in game programming. C++ is also the most used programming language to create computer games because it's fast and it's object-oriented.

Here is an example that demonstrates C++ multiple inheritance. The definitions of each class and implementations of methods are up to your imagination.

class Ninja
{
    int fight();
    int hide();
    int throw();
}

class Turtle
{
    int swim();
}

class Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtle: public Ninja, public Turtle
{
}

Here's some C++ questions. Describe what the following keywords do.

1. private
2. virtual
3. public
4. friend
5. protected

C++ Reference:
https://www.quora.com/What-programming-language-is-the-most-used-to-make-video-games-Which-is-the-best

Cowabunga, dude!

John Sindayen

Politics

College and School of Arts and Sciences

Science::Physics::College Sophomore

Physics is the study of all matter. The general branches of physics along with their general descriptions are the following.

Classical Mechanics is about the movement of visible objects, including water.

Thermodynamics is about heat.

Electromagnetism is about the invisible to the naked eye objects called the entire length of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Quantum Mechanics is about the invisible to the naked eye objects called particles.

Relativity is about the comparison of two objects relative to each other.

Here's some physics questions. Give the general formula for the following.

1. Formula of Force
2. Formula of Energy
3. Formula of Work
4. Formula of Voltage
5. Formula of Pressure

Physics References:
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/electromagnetic-spectrum.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_physics
http://earthsky.org/space/what-is-the-electromagnetic-spectrum
https://www.quora.com/Is-electricity-an-electromagnetic-wave
http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/what-is-relativity.htm

John Sindayen

Art::Political Science::Presidential Election

This year, 2016, is the year for the United States citizens to vote for another president to (I was going to say represent them, but it's false since there is no organization higher than the presidency) lead them.

The fact of the matter, however, is that the Electoral College is the organization that is going to vote the president. The electoral votes has precedence over the popular votes, which is the vote of the people.

In the election year of 2000, Al Gore, Bill Clinton's vice president had the most popular votes over his Republic opponent. But Al Gore did not become president because the electoral votes voted for his rival. Why? It's all political.

Political Science References:
https://www.usa.gov/election
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=vote%20for%20pedro

Vote for Pedro!

John Sindayen

Trigonometry

College and School of Mathematics

Math::Elementary Algebra::Grade VI::Integers

Just when you think you know everything about numbers comes along negative numbers. "Negative numbers?!," you might say. How can numbers be negative?

Well, negative numbers do exist. They are part of the Integer numbers.

If you draw a number line, the right part of the line goes to positive infinity while the left part of the line goes to negative infinity. From 0 to negative infinity are the negative integers, -1, -2, -3, and so on.

Here are some integer questions. Solve the following questions.

1. Is 0 a positive integer?
2. -1 + 2 = ?
3. 3 - -4 = ?
4. 5 x -6 = ?
5. -100 + 100 = ?

John Sindayen

Math::Trigonometry::College Freshman

Trigonometry is the study of triangles and their angles. Sailors and mariners used trigonometry in the old days before computers were born, or rather invented. They take out their sextant, point to a star, then compute their location in the sea or ocean using trigonometry.

Learning trigonometry is easy, especially if you're going out to sea. But you need some basic facts about triangles and angles.

There are basically three types of triangles. There is the acute triangle, the obtuse triangle, and the most important right triangle.

There are also basically three types of angles: an acute angle, obtuse angle, and the most used one, the right angle which some people remember by being perpendicular.

Here some trig questions. Name the degrees and radians that apply to the following angles.

1. Acute
2. Right
3. Obtuse
4. Straight
5. No angle

Trigonometry Reference:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.genealogy.britain/joeXUf4enag

Ship Ahoy!

John Sindayen

JavaScript

College of Information and Computer Science
Programming::JavaScript

It is hard to find a good JavaScript book that is informative and authoritative because most JavaScript books were not written by Computer Science professors. And this is mainly because JavaScript is not a programming language regularly taught in Computer Science courses. Computer Science is about C++ and sometimes Java.

Many JavaScript books in the market today can be full of errors. The probable reason for this is that authors were writing these books on the fly and without much forethought or they were written by ghostwriters.

Here is the correct way of using the JavaScript constructor Function, which is different from the JavaScript keyword function.

var a = new Function("b", "alert('Hello, ' + b + '!')");

a("John"); //calls the function.

John Sindayen

Microsoft::Excel

Microsoft Excel can be used as a database like Microsoft Access. But the main disadvantage is that you will not be able to write a query to create tables.

If your database consists only of a few records, probably less than 100, then Excel might just be able to do the job as well as Access. But if you need to create tables from your Excel database on a regular basis, writing these tables directly from the Excel file can be time consuming.

Nonetheless, Excel as a database is a good alternative to Microsoft Access.

Microsoft Reference:
http://www.pcworld.com/article/2462281/how-to-create-relational-databases-in-excel-2013.html

Excel in whatever you do!

John Sindayen

Fireworks

College and School of Arts and Sciences
Art::Psychology::Death

When famous people die, you hear about them. Here is my theory of why people die.

David Bowie, the punk rocker, and Karen Carpenter of "The Carpenters" died of natural causes.

The Prince, Michael Jackson, and Elvis Presley died from drugs.

Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby died of old age.

And here's my theory.

People who die from natural causes have met all the goals they have established for themselves in life. People who die from drugs or like causes have no more challenges in life they want to take. People who die from old age have no more life to give in this world.

Psychology Reference:
http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2016/06/03/princes-autopsy-stark-reminder-intersection-celebs-drugs-death/85318572/

John Sindayen

Science::Physics::Fireworks

Fireworks used for celebration today have their origin from China.

The Chinese invented gunpowder, the kind of stuff used in cannons. Cannons can be found in ships, like pirate ships. Those cannon balls from cannons go flying in the air because of gunpowder.

Fireworks are made using gunpowder. All those colorful fireworks were made by mixing gunpowder with different chemicals to make different colors.

Happy Independence Day!

Physics Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howfireworkswork.html
https://www.fireworks.com/fireworks-university/history-fireworks/

John Sindayen

Percentage

College and School of Mathematics
Math::Arithmetic::Grade V::Percentage

Percentages are special kind of numbers. They are special because when you write them in a fraction, their denominator is always 100.

The word "percent" itself gives you a clue as to what it is. Per means you have to divide it with something. And cent means one hundred.

So when you say 50%, you mean 50/100. After simplification, 50/100 becomes 1/2.

Now let's do some word problems.
1. What is 50% of 100?
2. What is 50% of 50?
3. What is 1% of 100?
4. If you cut a pizza in 8 slices, what is the percentage of each slice?
5. If you got 90% correct in a 20 questions test, how many answers did you got correct?

John Sindayen

Precalculus::Composite Function

Composite function or composition of functions is when you are working on two functions and one of them is the input of the other.

Let's say you have a function f(x) = 2x and another function g(x) = 3x.

Let's say you want to find the composite function (f * g)(x). Well (f * g)(x) = f(g(x)), which simply means that the input of the function f(x) is the output of the function g(x). In short, the input of function f(x) is the function g(x).

So now we have f(3x). Now, applying the input of function f(x), we now have f(3x) = 2(3x) = (2)(3)(x) = 6x.

Composite functions are used when something depend on another. Say, your monthly salary depends on the number of days of the month. So you have the composite function (monthlysalary * month)(days) = (monthlysalary(month(days)).

Now find the composite function of the following.
1. f(x) = 5x and g(x) = x + 1, what is (f * g)(x)?
2. f(x) = x + 1 and g(x) = 5x, what is (f * g)(x)?
3. f(x) = 5x and g(x) = x + 1, what is (g * f)(x)?

It's only math!

John Sindayen

Primitive Type

College of Information and Computer Science
Microsoft::Excel

Quick Analysis Tool in Excel lets you analyze your data graphically or statistically by numbers. You can use either Formatting, Charts, Totals, Tables, or Sparklines to analyze your table data or a portion of your table data.

Here are the steps to using the Quick Analysis tool.

1. Select the table or the particular columns of table you want to analyze, including their headings.
2. Click on the Quick Analysis icon that appears.
3. Select or preview the type of tools you want to use.
4. Depending on the tools you choose, you are either done or have to continue setting your analytical parameters.

Here's some Excel questions. Define the following Excel terminologies.

1. Cell
2. Absolute Reference
3. Table
4. Worksheet
5. Format Painter

Excel Reference:
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Analyze-your-data-instantly-9e382e73-7f5e-495a-a8dc-be8225b1bb78

John Sindayen

Programming::Primitive Data Types

Primitive Data Types are data types inherent to the programming language. Inherent means you don't need to include something to use that data type like #include <string.h>.

All programming languages have primitive data types, according to their own definition of primitive data type. Scripting languages have primitive data types but do not use keywords for them.

Here are the primitive data type keywords of all the major languages, except SQL.

• byte, Byte, sbyte, SByte, unsigned, signed
• char, Char
• bool, boolean, Boolean, 
• short, Short, ushort, UShort, 
• int, Integer, uint, UInteger, Int16, UInt16, Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64
• long, Long, ulong, ULong
• float, Single
• double, Double, decimal, Decimal

Answer the following with Yes or No.

1. C has bool keyword.
2. C++ has byte keyword.
3. C# has Decimal keyword.
4. HTML has float keyword.
5. Java has boolean keyword.
6. JavaScript has double keyword.
7. PHP has Boolean keyword.
8. Python has Char keyword.
9. SQL has BOOLEAN keyword.
10. Visual Basic has Long keyword.

What's your type?

John Sindayen

Warcraft

College and School of Arts and Sciences
Arts::Game::World of Warcraft

World of Warcraft is an online game in the internet.

What is World of Warcraft and what makes it popular? Warcraft is a war drama between the orcs and the humans in Azeroth. The important question is what is Azeroth.

Azeroth is a world where many creatures have come to live, including humans. They probably got to Azeroth the same way that orcs did, through a portal, much like the show Stargate's portal. Since diversity describes Azeroth, it is only natural that drama will come into play as two or more creatures from different worlds meet.

So the probable reason why World of Warcraft is popular is because of all the variety of real people who plays the game online. I would think that any game where your opponent is the computer itself will not be so popular. But I digress, Pacman is such a game, and it was popular.

Name the title or the name of the game of the following description of games.

1. Pawns move forward and attack diagonally.
2. Gorilla tries to climb to the top of a building structure.
3. Square tablets have letters to form word on a board.
4. Person made of blocks digs and digs to make home and other things.
5. Opponents try to guess rival's ships locations and loser gets to say a phrase when they lose.

Warcraft References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_of_Warcraft
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0803096/plotsummary?ref_=tt_ov_pl
http://wowwiki.wikia.com/wiki/Azeroth_(world)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_(device)

John Sindayen

Science::Physics::Optics::Double Rainbow

A hard rain suddenly fell over Las Vegas and after a few minutes suddenly stop. An hour later after I left the library, a double rainbow appeared on the east. I watched the outer rainbow fade while the inner rainbow remains just as colorful as before.

What are rainbows? Rainbows are a phenomenon in the sky, just like rain is.

How do rainbows formed? A rainbow is formed when the sun's ray hits a moisture in the sky. Depending on the angle that the ray touches the moisture, a rainbow of a certain circumference is formed. If you know your geometry, you will remember that circumference is relative to the radius and the diameter of a circle.

Can we make rainbows? Yes, by using a prism. A prism is a glassy object made of flat surfaces. If you hold the prism and let the sun's ray hits one of its flat surface, you will be able to see rainbow with all the same colors of a rainbow in the sky.

Describe the following objects that you see in the sky in one sentence.
1. Stars
2. Clouds
3. Moon
4. Ring Around the Moon
5. Meteor Shower

Physics Reference:
http://www.waow.com/story/12510144/how-do-double-rainbows-form
http://earthsky.org/earth/first-ever-photos-of-triple-and-quadruple-rainbows
http://www.universetoday.com/20402/ring-around-the-moon/

Somewhere over the rainbow is Azeroth!

John Sindayen

Derivatives

College and School of Mathematics
Math::Calculus::Derivative

Differentiation Calculus is about finding the Derivative at a certain point of a curve. The derivative is the Slope of the line at that curve. More precisely, the slope is the line Tangent to that certain point of the curve.

Slope of the tangent line is calculated by dividing the Rise over the Run at that tangent line. And we can get the values of the rise and the run by using a Secant line of that curve.

Now, let's do some real math! Find the derivative of the following functions and simplify your answers.
1. f(x) = 6
2. g(x) = x^2
3. y = x^2 + x + 8

John Sindayen

Math::Arithmetic::Grade IV::Decimals

Decimals are numbers that has one decimal point.  The symbol inside these pair of parentheses (.) is called a decimal point. So, an example of decimals are: 5.0, 2.3, and 1.0001.

The study of decimals is the natural progression in learning the numbers used in Math. Why? Because a decimal is another way to write a fraction. As a matter of fact, the numbers after the decimal point is the fractional part of the number.

Convert the following fractions or expressions into decimals. Be sure to simplify your answer.
1. 1/2
2. 3 + 4/5
3. 67/900
Convert the following decimals or expressions into fractions. Be sure to simplify your answer.
4. 123.45
5. 7.8 + 9.10

Back to basic math!

John Sindayen

HTML5

College of Information and Computer Sciences
Web Development::HTML5

HTML5 is the new reincarnation of HTML. HTML5 gives web developers 28 more elements to play with. Among these new elements are HEADER, FOOTER, NAV, ARTICLE, and ASIDE.

The HEADER element is used to introduce the page and can contain navigational links to other sections of the web page. It can also contain logo and even videos like so many universities and colleges have started to do this summer. For example, UNLV and CSN has replaced their student websites with a video.

The FOOTER element is used for footnotes to a page or to an article.

The NAV element is used to contain navigational links.

The ARTICLE element is used to contain the text articles of the web page.

The ASIDE element is used to contain text that is related to the page or to the article but is set aside in a corner or at the bottom.

Here is an example code that uses HEADER, ARTICLE, and ASIDE elements.

< !doctype html>
< head>
< style>
aside
{ 
    float: right;
    background-color: #ebebeb;
    width: 200px;
}
p { font-size: 120%; }
ul, li, h4 {padding: 2px; margin-left: 20px;}
header {text-align: center; background-color: aqua;}
article {background-color: #bebebe;}
< /style>
< /head>
< body>
< header>< h1>JOHN GONE TUTORING< /h1>< /header>
< article>
< aside>< h4>John tutors and teaches the following
subjects:< /h4>
< ul>
< li>C< /li>
< li>C++< /li>
< li>Java< /li>
< li>VB.NET< /li>
< li>Python< /li>
< li>JavaScript< /li>
< li>C#< /li>
< li>HTML< /li>
< li>CSS< /li>
< li>Windows< /li>
< li>Word< /li>
< li>Excel< /li>
< li>PowerPoint< /li>
< li>Access< /li>
< /ul>
< /aside>
< h1>Tutoring Now Available!< /h1>
< p>We are now offering tutorial and lessons on
computer programming and Microsoft Office.< /p>
< p>Our rates are the best in the world. If you
find any better rate, we will match that rate.
We will not be outdone.< /p>
< p>We are now offering tutorial and lessons on
computer programming and Microsoft Office.< /p>
< /article>
< /body>
< /pre>

Here is how this code looks like in a browser.

Another good example of a website that uses HTML5 technology is "The New Yorker" website in the Reference section.

Here are some HTML questions. Identify what the following elements are used for.
1. a
2. b
3. div
4. h1
5. img
6. li
7. ol
8. p
9. small
10. title

John Sindayen

HTML5 Reference:
http://www.newyorker.com/humor/borowitz-report/british-lose-right-to-claim-that-americans-are-dumber

Computer Science::Windows Notepad

I was planning on writing about the Windows boot up process, but I decided to write about Notepad instead, after I had closed Notepad without saving these texts that I have written.

Notepad is the text editor included in all Windows OS versions since 1985. It has 5 menus to choose from. File, Edit, and Format menus are very useful, but View and Help menus are rarely used.

It is too simple an editor and it lacks simple functionalities that would make sense in a text editor. For example, clicking the red X button, the close button on top, will just close the editor without notifying you that you did not save your file or the text you added on the file.

Of course, if you are a programmer, you can create your own Notepad type software and add the prompt that you need to save your file. VB.NET would be a good programming language to create this software since it is own by Microsoft, the maker of Windows OS.

Here are some Notepad questions.

1. What does Word Wrap do?
2. What does Time/Date do?
3. Can you print a Notepad text?
4. What is the keyboard shortcut to save your Notepad file?
5. How can you activate the Status Bar?

Windows Notepad Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Notepad

Lessons learned!

John Sindayen

Religion

College and School of Arts and Sciences
Arts::Religion

What is religion? It is hard to define religion on a personal basis, and yet that is why most people are attracted to religion. So let us define religion by all the religions that now exist in the world.

Among the religions that has over 300 million followers, we have Buddhism, Chinese Religion, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam. And, if atheism is also a religion, then atheism is the most practiced religion, or rather, not practiced at all.

And so what is religion? Religion, then, is the belief in a supreme being or beings more powerful and wiser than man or the belief in a supreme ideology.

Why is man attracted to religion? First of all, not all men are attracted to religion, especially the wealthy, as Jesus has said in The New Testament. Most people turn to religion because they are in dire need, economically or spiritually or both.

Describe the following religions in one sentence.
1. Church of England
2. Agnosticism
3. Shinto
4. Unification Church
5. Mormonism

Religion References:
http://www.religionfacts.com/big-religion-chart
http://www.humanreligions.info/religions.html

Science::Aeronautics

Aeronautical Science is the study of aircraft, the things that fly in the air without wings.

The first nonliving object that appeared in the sky were not flying saucers. They were balloons. And the first nonflying living thing in the sky is not man (sorry, Icarus), but a sheep.

In 1783, a paper manufacturer sent a sheep accompanied by a rooster and a duck up in the sky in a balloon. By the way, the first living thing in space was not man either, it was a Russian dog that died in space.

Here's some Aeronautics questions.
1. What keeps airplanes up in the sky?
2. What is a sonic boom?
3. What cartoon character is a fighter pilot?
4. Who is the greatest German flying ace?
5. Who is the greatest American flying ace in World War I?

Aeronautics References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdGxhLcZbmk
http://time.com/3546215/laika-1957/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ballooning

Up, up in the sky!

John Sindayen

Precalculus

College and School of Mathematics
Math::Arithmetic::Grade III::Fractions

In the first grade, you master all the whole numbers from 0 to 10 thousand or 1 million. In the second grade, you master addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of these whole numbers. Just when you thought you know everything about numbers, in the third grade came along fractions.

What are fractions? Well, to begin with, there are more than one kind of numbers. There are three kinds of numbers and they are the following.

WHOLE NUMBERS are all the numbers that you know, 0 apple, 1 apple, 2 apples, 3 apples, and so and on.

FRACTIONS are the numbers that are between the WHOLE NUMBERS. Fractions are less than a whole number. If you cut an apple in half, then you don't have 1 apple. You have two half, or halves, apples. Half is written in numbers as 1/2. The / symbol means, in this case, there is 1 of 2 parts of an apple. You got 1/2 of an apple and the other 1/2 you gave to a friend or your saving it for later.

MIXED NUMBERS are numbers that have WHOLE NUMBERS and FRACTIONS together.

How tall are you? You might say 5 feet and 6 inches. There are two numbers there, 5 and 6. You can say 5 feet and 6 inches in one number only! That would be 5 1/2 feet. The 5 is the WHOLE NUMBER and the 1/2 is the FRACTION.

Write the following numbers and expression as fractions or mixed numbers.

1. One half
2. One third
3. Six and a half
4. 10 feet and 6 inches
5. 1 + 1/10

To infinity and beyond!

John Sindayen

Math::Precalculus::Limits

Calculus problems are based on functions but calculus solutions are based on the idea of limits. What is a limit?

Well, to solve any calculus problem, your equation needs to be expressed as a function, like y = x + 1, where the other side of the equation needs to be one variable y with 1 coefficient or f(x). If the function has a real X value at a certain point, then it also has a real Y value at that given point.

However, if the function does not have a real X value at a given point in the line, then you need to use the concept of limits to come to a value of Y at that given point in the line. Since X has no real value, then we will have to say while the function approaches at this X value rather than saying when the function is at this X value. Why? Because the function never had a real X value at that given point of the function.

Find the limits of the following equations.

1. x = 10 when x approaches 10
2. y = 20 when x approaches 20
3. y = 3x - 4 when x approaches 3
4. 3x = y + 4 when x approaches 2
5. f(x) = sin(1/x) when x approaches 0

Welcome to The Outer Limits!

John Sindayen

Math References:
http://www.mathwarehouse.com/calculus/limits/how-to-determine-when-limits-do-not-exist.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)

Artificial Intelligence

College of Information and Computer Sciences
Programming::Object-Oriented Programming

The study of computer programming revolves only around a few concepts, 3 or 5 as a matter of fact. Let's begin with the venerable C language.

C programming language is a structured programming language since it allows a programmer to divide the complete program into modules kept it separate header files. C is also a procedural programming language since it emphasizes using procedures to accomplish the task which are separated from the data itself. The only programming concepts C uses are then DATA TYPE, KEYWORD, and FUNCTION like scanf.

Assembly language is a very low level language and only uses 2 programming concepts: DATA TYPE and KEYWORD like MOV.

Machine language is the lowest level language and is the only language that is not abstract for a computer to understand. The only programming concept it uses is DATA TYPE like 0.

Let's flow now to the current programming language in style nowadays, OOP. Object-Oriented Programming languages use 5 programming concepts: DATA TYPE, KEYWORD, FUNCTION, OBJECT like cout, and METHOD like toString().

Can there be another type of programming language that will supplant OOP? Only the future can tell.

Here are the questions for this week. Define the following computer terminology.

1. Variable
2. Class
3. Method
4. Statement
5. Expression
6. Application
7. Compiler
8. Intepreter
9. Browser
10. Scope

John Sindayen

Computer Science::Computer Science

It used to be that Computer Science was not considered to be an academic field of study. The reason for that is that academicians considered computers as tools rather than an art or a science.

Consider the following analogy of a monkey with a stick.

SCIENCE: Monkey rubs 2 sticks together and suddenly said, "Eureka! I'm a scientist. I've discovered the elemental fire.

ART: Monkey carves sticks with a stone and suddenly said, "Voila! I'm an artist. I've invented sculpture.

TOOL: Monkey uses stick to get banana from tree and suddenly said, "Hello Banana! I'm a software engineer. I've invented a tool to get bananas.

Nowadays, university academicians accept Computer Science as its own field of study and as its own department, even separate from the Mathematics and the Engineering departments. But computers are still only tools for the artists and the scientists to use.

In certain fields of study, however, Computer Science is not considered a tool, but a philosophy into understanding intelligence. That field of study is Artificial Intelligence, AI.

Most research and development in AI nowadays, however, are made by private companies rather than the US government. If the US government can allocate the budget for AI like they did for landing a man on the moon, then we will make a giant leap in Artificial Intelligence technology.

Now, name five stories, movies, or shows with intelligent robots as characters.

Computer Science References:
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html
http://www.nature.com/news/south-korea-trumpets-860-million-ai-fund-after-alphago-shock-1.19595
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-03/i-ll-be-back-the-return-of-artificial-intelligence
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/527336/do-we-need-asimovs-laws/

Robots must follow Isaac Asimov's three laws.

John Sindayen

Earth Giants

College and School of Arts and Sciences
Science::Astronomy

How many planets are there in our Solar System? There are 8 planets if you consider Pluto not a planet but a planetoid.

How do we know the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around? Nicolas Copernicus discovered the heliocentric universe, that is, planets revolves around their sun. Before that time everyone thinks, including Aristotle, the Earth is the center of the universe.

Even though Copernicus published his book about this new paradigm, the influence of the powerful Roman Catholic Church prohibits everyone for believing this heresy. Galileo, himself, was imprisoned for trying to do so. And the only difference between Copernicus and Galileo is that Copernicus came from a wealthy family.

Now, name the 8 planets in our Solar System, starting from the planet nearest to the Sun to the farthest from the Sun.

Astronomy References:
http://www.universetoday.com/13573/why-pluto-is-no-longer-a-planet/
http://www.famousscientists.org/nicolaus-copernicus/

Art::Mythology

Where there really giants on earth? Norse Mythology relates that there were once giants on Earth. Many storytellers and poets also tells of giants. But if there were really giants on Earth, archaeologists including the legendary Indiana Jones, would have discovered their fossils or skeletons by now. As it is, archaeologists have only seen fossils of giant dinosaurs, the only true giants on Earth.

Answer the following mythological names and one real name.
1. Chief Roman god
2. Chief Greek god
3. Chief Norse god
4. Norse home of the gods
5. Roman home of the gods
6. Country where the home of the Greek gods is located

Onward to Valhalla!

John Sindayen

Time Machine

College and School of Mathematics
Math::Arithmetic::Grade II::Playing with Numbers

You can play with numbers in many ways. Two ways you can play is to use two of the properties of numbers. They are Commutative Property and Associative Property. Here's how it works.

Commutative Property comes from the word "commute" like "I commute to school by bus." So watch how I commute the number 1 in the following example.

1 + 2 can be written in another way. The number 1 can commute to the other side of 2. So we can write it like this:

2 + 1

This also works when you're multiplying as follows with the numbers 3 and 4:

3 x 4 can be written as 4 x 3.

Associative Property of numbers comes from the word "associate" like "He's my associate. He's my friend."  In math, we use a pair of parentheses to associate two numbers together. So watch how I associate the numbers 5 and 6 below.

5 + 6 + 7 can use the associative property of numbers so we can write these numbers as:

(5 + 6) + 7

Let's say the number 6 likes to associate with number 7 instead, so we can write it as follows:

5 + (6 + 7)

By the way, associative property also works when you're multiplying.

Now, it's your turn to play with numbers. Use the commutative property in the following numbers:
a.  3 + 4
b.  5 x 6
c.  7 + 8
Now use the associative property with the following numbers:
d.  9 + 10 + 11
e.  12 x 13 x 14
f.  15 + 16 + 17

Let's party with numbers!

John Sindayen

Math::Intermediate Algebra::College Freshman::Functions

The concept of calculus revolves around functions. A function is a relation but a special kind of relation.

What exactly is a function? Function relates two sets of numbers in such a way that when an element of the first set is used in the function, the function returns one and only one element from the other set. Mathematically speaking, let's say we have a function called f, the first set of numbers called x, and the second set of numbers called y, so then we can write the following:

f(x) = y, where for every x value there is only one y value.

Let's take for example the movement of a clock. The minute hand goes around and around in the same pivot point, therefore, it's movement is not a function. Why? Because where x = 0 (the pivot point), y can be either 12 or 6.

Most people think of time as a function, however. Time can be a function if time does not become negative, that is if time does not go backwards in time. Therefore, to create a time machine that goes backwards in time, one should not use calculus for computation.

Now, it's your turn to write or draw some functions using the Cartesian Coordinate System. Write or draw 5 relations that are functions.

Read how Jules Verne invented "The Time Machine"!

John Sindayen

Math References:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/calculus
http://mathonweb.com/help_ebook/html/functions_6.htm
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0268695/

Computers

College of Information and Computer Sciences
Programming::Java

Java vs. C++
What's the best programming language to learn first? It depends on what programs you'll be writing. You don't have to learn every popular programming language.

I started with Java as my first OOP language myself. It is a good thing, too, since I found out C++ is not type safe as Java. It is hard to debug your program if it is not type safe, much less to learn your first programming language. A type safe programming language will throw exceptions on you until you learn to code right.

The following are the differences between C++ and Java which makes Java easier than C++.
1. C++ use pointers. Java does not.
2. C++ use operator overloading. Java does not.
3. C++ use multiple inheritance. Java use only single inheritance.
4. C++ has non-member methods. Java does not.
5. C++ has global variables and global functions. Java does not.

To get you started, display the prompt "Hello World!" followed by a new line in the screen monitor in one statement in the following computer languages.
1. Java
2. C
3. Visual Basic
4. C++
5. JavaScript
6. C#
7. HTML
8. Python
9. Ruby
10. PHP

Programming References:
https://www.sitepoint.com/whats-best-programming-language-lefarn-2016/
http://www.pl-enthusiast.net/2014/08/05/type-safety/

Computer Science::Computers

What's the best computer for you? It depends on what you want to do with it. If you're writing programs in Objective C or Swift, better buy a Mac. If you'll be playing games like "World of Warcraft", better buy something with fast graphics card, which can get pretty expensive. Most games are won by those who have the fastest graphics card. If you'll be writing a novel or two, you can bring a notebook or netbook with you to the library or to the beach and composed your bestseller.

To get you started, describe or give an example of the following kinds of computer devices or platforms.
1. Desktop
2. Server
3. Minicomputer
4. Mainframe
5. Mobile
6. Tablet
7. Notebook
8. Supercomputer
9. Netbook
10. Handheld

Computer Science References:
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/10-types-of-computers10.htm
http://www.statista.com/statistics/251222/most-played-pc-games/
http://www.pcgamer.com/the-best-graphics-cards/

Computers are fun!

John Sindayen

Accounting

College and School of Arts and Sciences
Science::Physics

Physics is the hard physical science of studying the world around us. It does not, however, study the soft sciences like Psychology. But psychologists do use physics to measure brainwave patterns to study a person's psychological make up. In fact, all the devices use by all sciences were invented through the study of physics, including computers.

Measurements are highly important in physics. Actually, everything in the world around us can be measured. Let's thank mathematics for providing us the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. for our measurements. Thanks Math!

Now, think of yourself as a scientist. Name the unit of measurement(s) you are going to use for the following.
1. How tall you are.
2. Your weight.
3. The time between now and yesterday.
4. The amount of electricity your computer is going to use.
5. The amount of energy you will consume while doing 10 minutes of calisthenics.

Physics Reference:
http://www.sparkpeople.com/resource/calories_burned.asp?exercise=62

Art::Accounting

All business organizations employ accountants or bookkeepers to manage their money. Accounting transactions for small businesses are managed by the owner or a small team. Large corporations, however, will have different departments to handle their business transactions. For example, some accounting clerks will work in the Accounts Receivable department and some in the Accounts Payable department. But all follow the same accounting equation to balance their accounts.

The accounting equation is ASSET = LIABILITY + EQUITY.

Assets are the organization's property that is used for business. Examples are Cash and Equipment. Liabilities are debts owed by the organization, including deferred debts. Examples are Accounts Payable and Income Tax. Equities are the organization owners' properties.

Each business event that changes the accounting equation is called a business transaction. For example, the following business transactions show the changes occurring in the accounting equation.

Transaction 1: John opens a tutoring business and invest $1,000 into it. The accounting equation becomes:

ASSET	=	LIABILITY	+	EQUITY

CASH	=	LIABILITY	+	JOHN, CAPITAL
1000	=	0	+	1000

Transaction 2: John buys a notebook for $200 to use for his tutoring business by creating an account with a vendor. The accounting equation becomes:

ASSET	=	LIABILITY	+	EQUITY

CASH +	EQUIPMENT	=	ACCOUNTS PAYABLE	+	JOHN, CAPITAL
1000	0	=	0		1000
	200	=	200
1000	200	=	200	+	1000

Transaction 3: John earns $100 in his tutoring business. The accounting equation becomes:

ASSET	=	LIABILITY	+	EQUITY

CASH +	EQUIPMENT	=	ACCOUNTS PAYABLE	+	JOHN, CAPITAL +	REVENUE
1000	200	=	200		1000
100		=				100
1100	200	=	200	+	1000	100

Now, take a look at the following transactions and see how it changes the accounting equation.
1. John created a company and invested $5,000 in it.
2. John bought a building for $100,000 for the company to use by borrowing the money from a bank.
3. John sold the still unused building for $200,000 and paid the bank the full amount including a 10% interest.

Keep your books straight!

John Sindayen

Accounting Reference:
http://www.bizmove.com/buying/m5j.htm

Mathematics

College and School of Mathematics

Math::Arithmetic::Grade I

Arithmetic is the foundation of all mathematics. A student cannot go anywhere in Math without learning their Arithmetic first. And the first thing to learn in studying Arithmetic is to learn the numbers and their names, just like Adam did in the Garden of Eden.

It is better to learn the alphabet first before learning about numbers. But you can always learn numbers without learning the alphabet. All you have to do is used the numbers as they are written, like 1, 2, 3, instead of their names, like one, two, three.

A student should use a ruled paper or notebook, those with horizontal lines all over the paper or pages. In this way, you will not be writing your numbers all over the place with different sizes like chicken scratch. See the graphics below of how you should write your numbers.

Figure 1: Horizontal lines

Use 3 horizontal lines for each number with the middle line used to put the middle of your number, just like in learning your ABC.

Now, answer the following 10 questions.

1-10. Write the first 10 counting numbers.

John Sindayen

Math::Intermediate Algebra::College Freshman

Mathematics is the study of all number systems, their properties, and their applications. The most basic number system is the Natural Numbers or Counting Numbers with basic properties like Commutative Property and Associative Property.

The most well-known advanced number system is the Complex Numbers with properties like the composition of a Real Number component and an Imaginary Number component. The most advanced number systems belong to one of the groups in the Hypercomplex Numbers systems. These numbers are more complex than Complex Numbers.

The most applied number system is the Binary Number System which is responsible for creating most of the today's computers and all the digital electronic devices in the world like cell phones and tablets.

Define the set or subset of the following number systems.

1.  Binary Numbers

2.  Complex Numbers

3.  Composite Numbers

4.  Even Numbers

5.  Integers

6.  Irrational Numbers

7.  Prime Numbers

8.  Rational Numbers

9.  Real Numbers

10. Whole Numbers

I am counting on you.

John Sindayen

Math References:

http://hotmath.com/hotmath_help/topics/number-systems.html

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone5.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercomplex_number

University of JS

University of JS
A study and review of topics in the arts, mathematics, physical, social, information, and computer sciences, especially algebra, calculus, programming languages, and Microsoft.

College of Information and Computer Sciences
Programming::JavaScript

JavaScript is written in C. And so are many high-level languages like C++, Java, Python, SQL, PHP, except Visual Basic. Visual Basic used BASIC. Other programming languages not written in C are FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, and, of course, C.

Programming languages based on C share many same constructs taken from C. Mastery of these constructs will help you learn other programming languages easily.

Define the following programming concepts that JavaScript shares with other programming languages.

1.  Array
2.  Conditional Structure
3.  Data Type
4.  Expression
5.  Loop Structure
6.  Object
7.  Reserved Word
8.  Statement
9.  String
10. Variable

Programming References:
https://www.quora.com/In-what-language-are-C-and-C++-compilers-written
http://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/definition/Visual-Basic
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16020999/was-the-original-sql-written-in-assembly-or-c
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4600501/is-the-php-language-resultantly-c
https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/chist.html

John Sindayen

Microsoft::Windows 7

The new IC3 GS5 Certiport Certification still uses Windows 7. And apparently, many schools and households are still stuck with Windows 7 or no computer at all.

Windows 7 is a parent of Windows 10, so whatever features are in Windows 7, Windows 10 might still have. Also, if you've learned skills from Windows Vista or XP, then you might still use those ancient skills in Windows 10.

See if you can answer some of these basic Windows 7 skills.

1. How do you get to the Desktop from basically anywhere with one click?
2. What's the first screen that you see after you log in to a computer?
3-5. Where do you locate the following items: Taskbar, Navigation Pane, Start Button?

Microsoft References:
http://www.rawledu.com/ic3-industry-certification.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/technology/at-waldorf-school-in-silicon-valley-technology-can-wait.html?_r=0
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/29/technology-device-ownership-2015/

Welcome to my blog!

John Sindayen